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USING AFTER EFFECTS CS4
Animation and keyframes
Last updated 12/21/2009
When the stopwatch is active for a specific property, After Effects automatically sets or changes a keyframe for the
property at the current time whenever you change the property value. When the stopwatch is inactive for a property,
the property has no keyframes. If you change the value for a layer property while the stopwatch is inactive, that value
remains the same for the duration of the layer.
If you deselect the stopwatch, all keyframes for that layer property are deleted, and the constant value for the property
becomes the value at the current time. Don’t deselect the stopwatch unless you’re sure that you want to permanently
delete all of the keyframes for that property.
Change the keyframe icons in layer bar mode to numbers by choosing Use Keyframe Indices in the Timeline panel
menu.
Keyframes as icons compared to keyframes as numbers
Note: When a layer property that contains keyframes is collapsed, gray dots (summary keyframe indicators) for the
property group show that there are keyframes contained within it.
Some tools, such as Motion Sketch and the Puppet tools, automatically set keyframes for you to match motion that you
sketch.
Expressions
Expressions use a scripting language based on JavaScript to specify the values of a property and to relate properties to
one another. You can create simple expressions by connecting properties with the pick whip. (See
“About expressions”
on page 646.)
Online animation resources
Aharon Rabinowitz provides some video tutorials that introduce animation as part of the Multimedia 101 series,
including “How Does Computer Animation Work?” and “What is interpolation?”
For a video tutorial on animating using keyframes, go to the Adobe website at www.adobe.com/go/vid0227.
Shaun Freeman's website provides links to information about the theory and practice of animation, especially
character animation.
For a step-by-step tutorial that demonstrates the animation of individual layers from a Photoshop (PSD) file, see the
“Animating Layers in After Effects“ chapter of the
After Effects Classroom in a Book on the Peachpit Press website.
The Graph Editor
The Graph Editor represents property values using a two-dimensional graph, with composition time represented
horizontally (from left to right). In layer bar mode, on the other hand, the time graph represents only the horizontal
time element, without showing a graphical, vertical representation of changing values.
To toggle between layer bar mode and Graph Editor mode, click the Graph Editor button in the Timeline panel
or press Shift+F3.
- AFTER EFFECTS 1
- Copyright 2
- Contents 3
- Chapter 1: Getting started 7
- Resources 8
- Product Help 9
- Printed resources 9
- Support resources 9
- Last updated 12/21/2009 10
- USING AFTER EFFECTS CS4 11
- Chapter 2: User interface 16
- Dock, group, or float panels 17
- Resize panel groups 19
- 1 Do either of the following: 20
- A B C D E F G H I J K L MN 22
- Undo changes 25
- Preferences 26
- Effects CS4 28
- Dialog boxes 32
- Workflows 36
- Planning and setup 39
- Project settings 40
- Composition settings 41
- Exchanging still images 45
- Exchanging movies 45
- Link to a new composition 52
- Link to a new sequence 53
- Link to an existing sequence 53
- Projects 55
- Create and open projects 56
- Save and back up projects 56
- Flowchart panel 57
- Time display units 58
- Composition basics 60
- Create a composition 61
- Duplicate a composition 62
- Timeline panel 63
- Composition thumbnail images 65
- Zoom in or out in time 65
- Precompose layers 67
- Supported import formats 74
- Import footage items 76
- Interpret footage items 77
- Frame rate 81
- • Pixel aspect ratio, part 1 84
- • Pixel aspect ratio, part 2 84
- Common pixel aspect ratios 85
- Working with footage items 86
- The Footage panel 87
- Remove items from a project 88
- Placeholders and proxies 89
- Create a proxy 91
- Loop a footage item 92
- Collection only) 93
- High-definition (HD) video 96
- More Help topics 102
- About camera raw files 116
- About Camera Raw 116
- A F GDCB E 120
- Image adjustment tabs 121
- Open images in Camera Raw 123
- Adjust tone in Camera Raw 127
- Apply a camera profile 130
- Rotate images in Camera Raw 132
- Crop images in Camera Raw 132
- Remove red-eye in Camera Raw 132
- Remove spots in Camera Raw 133
- Reduce noise in Camera Raw 139
- Camera Raw settings 140
- Creating layers 144
- Adjustment layers 147
- Select layers 149
- Move layers in space 151
- Move layers with arrow keys 152
- Slip-edit a layer 155
- Place or move a layer in time 156
- Copy or duplicate a layer 158
- Split a layer 158
- Managing layers 159
- Solo a layer 162
- Lock or unlock a layer 162
- Layer properties 165
- Set a property value 168
- Layer anchor points 168
- Move a layer anchor point 169
- Scale or flip a layer 170
- Rotate a 2D layer 171
- Adjust audio volume levels 171
- Parent and child layers 172
- Null object layers 173
- Guide layers 174
- Blending mode reference 178
- Blending mode gallery 179
- Blending mode descriptions 180
- Layer styles 183
- Layer style settings 184
- 3D layers 185
- Convert 3D layers 187
- Move a 3D layer 188
- Rotate or orient a 3D layer 188
- Axis modes 189
- Create a camera layer 193
- Change camera settings 193
- Camera settings 193
- Create a light 196
- Change light settings 196
- Light settings 196
- Simulate light falloff 197
- Online resources about lights 197
- Material Options properties 199
- Chapter 7: Views and previews 201
- Save a RAM preview as a movie 203
- Loop options for previews 203
- Preview only audio 203
- Audio panel options 204
- Preview modes 206
- Region of interest (ROI) 207
- Work area 207
- Snapshots 208
- Modifying and using views 210
- Resolution 212
- Adjust exposure for previews 213
- Animation basics 216
- The Graph Editor 217
- Set or add keyframes 220
- Select keyframes 221
- Keyframe menu commands 222
- Delete or disable keyframes 223
- View or edit a keyframe value 224
- Copy and paste keyframes 224
- Move keyframes in time 226
- B C D A 228
- Assorted animation tools 229
- Show motion path controls 230
- Move motion path keyframes 230
- Motion blur 233
- Convert audio to keyframes 236
- Keyframe interpolation 237
- • Part 1 238
- • Part 2 238
- No interpolation 240
- Linear interpolation 240
- Bezier interpolation 240
- Auto Bezier interpolation 240
- Hold interpolation 241
- About the speed graph 246
- A B C 247
- Change speed numerically 249
- Automatically ease speed 249
- Time-stretch a layer 251
- Time-remap a layer 255
- Remap time in a Layer panel 257
- Time-remap audio pitch 258
- Frame blending 259
- Animating with Puppet tools 260
- • An unlocked mask path 264
- • A text character’s outline 264
- Puppet Overlap controls 265
- Puppet Starch controls 266
- Motion tracking workflow 270
- • Visible for the entire shot 271
- Track or stabilize motion 273
- Motion tracking controls 274
- Motion tracking options 275
- Adjust the track point 277
- Correct a motion track 278
- Chapter 9: Color 280
- Choose a color picker 283
- 4 Do any of the following: 284
- Edit a gradient 285
- Color models and color spaces 287
- Gamma and tone response 288
- Color management 290
- Overview of color management 291
- Benefits of color management 291
- Color profiles 292
- Color management tips 293
- Simulate output for previews 299
- Broadcast-safe colors 301
- Paint tools and paint strokes 302
- Brushes and the Brushes panel 303
- Brush properties 304
- Paint with the Brush tool 305
- Clone Stamp tool 307
- Work with clone presets 309
- Eraser tool 310
- Animate a paint stroke path 311
- About paths 313
- About shapes and shape layers 315
- Creating shapes and masks 318
- Draw ellipses and circles 322
- Draw polygons and stars 322
- Drawing, painting, and paths 324
- Create shapes from text 325
- Create masks from text 325
- View mask paths and shapes 329
- Select a shape layer 330
- Lock or unlock masks 332
- Move, add, or delete a vertex 334
- Adjust a path segment 334
- Apply motion blur to a mask 338
- Strokes and fills for shapes 339
- Set stroke width 341
- Create a dashed stroke 341
- Line Cap options for strokes 341
- Line Join options for strokes 342
- Fill rules for shapes 342
- Merge Paths options 344
- Chapter 11: Text 347
- Enter point text 349
- Enter paragraph text 350
- Resize a text bounding box 351
- Move a text layer 351
- Change the direction of text 352
- Choose a font family 354
- Choose a font style 354
- Choose a font size 354
- Specify leading 354
- Specify kerning 354
- Text fills and strokes 355
- Change text stroke line join 356
- Text scale and baseline shift 357
- Change the case of text 357
- Smart quotes 358
- Align and justify text 359
- Indent and space paragraphs 359
- Animating text 360
- Text animation presets 361
- 2 Do one of the following: 362
- Text animator properties 363
- Text selectors 364
- Common selector properties 365
- Range selector properties 366
- Wiggly selector properties 367
- Text anchor point properties 368
- Text path properties 370
- Example: Offset characters 372
- Compositing overview 379
- About masks 381
- Save a mask 382
- Reuse a mask 382
- Control mask path color 383
- Mask modes 383
- Use a garbage matte 391
- Use a hold-out matte 391
- Save an animation preset 394
- Effect Controls panel 398
- Effects & Presets panel 398
- Effect control points 401
- Randomness and random seeds 402
- Animation preset list 403
- Image - Creative 404
- Image - Special Effects 405
- Image - Utilities 405
- Sound Effects 408
- Synthetics 409
- Transform 419
- Transitions 419
- Effect galleries 421
- • CC Radial Blur effect 422
- • CC Radial Fast Blur effect 422
- • CC Vector Blur effect 422
- Channel effects gallery 423
- Distort effects gallery 425
- Generate effects gallery 427
- Keying effects gallery 429
- Matte effects gallery 429
- Paint effects gallery 430
- Perspective effects gallery 431
- Simulation effects gallery 431
- Stylize effects gallery 432
- Text effects gallery 433
- Time effects gallery 433
- Transition effects gallery 434
- Utility effects gallery 435
- Obsolete effects listing 435
- 3D Channel effects 436
- 3D Channel Extract effect 437
- Depth Matte effect 438
- Depth Of Field effect 439
- Fog 3D effect 440
- ID Matte effect 441
- Audio effects 442
- High-Low Pass effect 443
- Modulator effect 444
- Parametric EQ effect 444
- Reverb effect 444
- Stereo Mixer effect 445
- Tone effect 445
- Blur & Sharpen effects 446
- Box Blur effect 447
- Channel Blur effect 447
- Compound Blur effect 447
- Directional Blur effect 448
- Fast Blur effect 449
- Gaussian Blur effect 449
- Lens Blur effect 449
- Radial Blur effect 450
- Sharpen effect 451
- Smart Blur effect 451
- Unsharp Mask effect 452
- Channel effects 453
- Calculations effect 454
- Channel Combiner effect 455
- Compound Arithmetic effect 455
- Invert effect 456
- Minimax effect 456
- Remove Color Matting effect 457
- Set Channels effect 457
- Set Matte effect 458
- Shift Channels effect 458
- Color Correction effects 459
- Auto Levels effect 460
- Broadcast Colors effect 460
- Change Color effect 461
- Change To Color effect 462
- Channel Mixer effect 463
- Color Balance effect 463
- Color Balance (HLS) effect 463
- Color Link effect 464
- Color Stabilizer effect 464
- Colorama effect 465
- Output Cycle controls 466
- Modify controls 466
- Curves effect 467
- Equalize effect 468
- Exposure effect 468
- Gamma/Pedestal/Gain effect 469
- Hue/Saturation effect 469
- Leave Color effect 470
- Levels effect 471
- Photo Filter effect 472
- PS Arbitrary Map effect 473
- Shadow/Highlight effect 474
- Tint effect 475
- Distort effects 476
- Bulge effect 477
- Corner Pin effect 477
- Displacement Map effect 478
- Liquify effect 479
- Mask properties 480
- Magnify effect 481
- Mesh Warp effect 482
- Mirror effect 483
- Offset effect 483
- Optics Compensation effect 483
- Polar Coordinates effect 484
- Puppet effect 485
- Reshape effect 485
- Use the Reshape effect 486
- Ripple effect 487
- Smear effect 488
- Spherize effect 489
- Transform effect 489
- Turbulent Displace effect 490
- Twirl effect 491
- Warp effect 491
- Generate effects 492
- Advanced Lightning effect 493
- Audio Spectrum effect 494
- Audio Waveform effect 495
- Beam effect 496
- Cell Pattern effect 497
- Checkerboard effect 498
- Circle effect 499
- Ellipse effect 499
- Eyedropper Fill effect 499
- Fill effect 500
- Fractal effect 500
- Grid effect 502
- Lens Flare effect 502
- Paint Bucket effect 503
- Radio Waves effect 504
- Image Contour controls 505
- Wave Motion controls 505
- Ramp effect 506
- Scribble effect 506
- Stroke effect 508
- Vegas effect 509
- Write-on effect 510
- Keying effects 511
- Color Key effect 513
- Color Range effect 514
- Difference Matte effect 515
- Extract effect 516
- Inner/Outer Key effect 517
- Linear Color Key effect 518
- Luma Key effect 520
- Spill Suppressor effect 521
- Matte effects 522
- Simple Choker effect 523
- Noise & Grain effects 524
- Apply a grain effect 525
- Generate a layer matte 527
- Change the preview region 527
- 5 View the results: 528
- Add Grain effect 531
- Dust & Scratches effect 533
- Fractal Noise effect 533
- Controls 534
- 4 Select Cycle Evolution 535
- Match Grain effect 536
- Median effect 538
- Noise effect 538
- Noise Alpha effect 539
- Remove Grain effect 540
- Turbulent Noise effect 543
- Paint effects 545
- Vector Paint tools 546
- Brush Settings controls 547
- • Restart the computer 549
- Composite Paint options 553
- Perspective effects 555
- Bevel Alpha effect 557
- Bevel Edges effect 557
- Drop Shadow effect 558
- Radial Shadow effect 558
- Simulation effects 559
- Card Dance effect 560
- Caustics effect 562
- Bottom controls 563
- Foam effect 564
- View controls 565
- Producer controls 565
- Bubbles controls 566
- Physics controls 566
- Rendering controls 567
- Particle Playground effect 568
- Use Particle Playground 569
- Cannon controls 570
- Grid controls 570
- Layer Map controls 572
- Gravity controls 575
- Repel controls 575
- Wall controls 575
- Affects controls 575
- Shatter effect 580
- Render control 582
- Shape controls 582
- Force 1 and Force 2 controls 582
- Gradient controls 583
- Textures controls 584
- Corner Pins controls 585
- Creating a custom shatter map 585
- Wave World effect 586
- Wireframe controls 587
- Height Map controls 587
- Simulation controls 588
- Ground controls 588
- Stylize effects 589
- Cartoon effect 590
- Color Emboss effect 593
- Emboss effect 594
- Find Edges effect 594
- Glow effect 595
- Mosaic effect 596
- Motion Tile effect 596
- Posterize effect 597
- Roughen Edges effect 597
- Scatter effect 598
- Strobe Light effect 598
- Texturize effect 599
- Threshold effect 599
- Text effects 600
- Timecode effect 601
- Time effects 602
- Posterize Time effect 603
- Time Difference effect 603
- Time Displacement effect 604
- Timewarp effect 606
- Transition effects 608
- Block Dissolve effect 609
- Card Wipe effect 609
- Basic controls 610
- Gradient Wipe effect 611
- Iris Wipe effect 612
- Linear Wipe effect 613
- Radial Wipe effect 614
- Venetian Blinds effect 614
- Utility effects 615
- Grow Bounds effect 617
- HDR Compander effect 617
- Obsolete effects 619
- Lightning effect 620
- Path Text effect 621
- Character controls 622
- Paragraph controls 623
- Advanced controls 623
- Composition markers 626
- Layer markers 627
- About Clip Notes comments 629
- Clip Notes export settings 630
- Add Clip Notes comments 630
- XMP metadata 631
- XMP metadata in After Effects 632
- Show or hide metadata 636
- Edit metadata 637
- Memory and storage 638
- RAM and disk caches 639
- The media cache 640
- Simultaneously 642
- Performance 643
- Plug-ins 647
- Loading and running scripts 649
- Writing and modifying scripts 650
- Automation 651
- Chapter 17: Expressions 652
- Edit an expression manually 656
- Add comments to an expression 658
- Save and reuse expressions 658
- Expression Controls effects 659
- The expression language 661
- Indices and labels 664
- Expression time 664
- Expression errors 665
- Expression language reference 666
- • part 1 680
- • part 2 680
- Expression examples 689
- The Render Queue panel 694
- The Adobe Media Encoder 695
- The File > Export menu 695
- Supported output formats 696
- Render item statuses 699
- Pause or stop rendering 699
- Collect files in one location 701
- Render settings 703
- Change output module settings 706
- Output module settings 707
- Post-render actions 708
- Render with OpenGL 709
- Flash Player 711
- About XFL files 712
- SWF export settings 716
- Filmstrip format 720
- Audio export settings 725
- Video export settings 726
- Others export settings 729
- Presets for export settings 730
- Delete custom presets 731
- Set up watch-folder rendering 735
- Start in watch-folder mode 736
- Converting movies 738
- Scaling a movie down 740
- Scaling a movie up 741
- Introduce 3:2 pulldown 742
- Test field-rendering order 742
- General (keyboard shortcuts) 744
- Projects (keyboard shortcuts) 745
- Previews (keyboard shortcuts) 749
- Views (keyboard shortcuts) 750
- Footage (keyboard shortcuts) 751
- Layers (keyboard shortcuts) 752
- (keyboard shortcuts) 754
- Text (keyboard shortcuts) 758
- Masks (keyboard shortcuts) 760
- Markers (keyboard shortcuts) 762
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